EN8 - Total water withdrawal by source

Part of the water for industrial uses is consumed i) in the flue gas desulfurization process and ii) to reduce NO_X (lowering of temperatures by injecting hydrogen peroxide into the combustion chamber, in the case of gas-turbine and combinedcycle units).
To decrease water consumption, Enel installed several waste water crystallization and distillate recovery systems.
Part of the water for desulfurization comes from the sea.
Part of the water that is consumed derives from reuse of on-site waste water from the production/generation cycle or off-site water purified by municipallyowned companies (Fusina power plant in Venice province).

Water for industrial uses is consumed for the internal services of the installation (steam generation, clean-up, etc.), for carrying ash from combustion, and for cooling purposes in closed-cycle systems
(cooling towers).
Open-cycle cooling water is not considered consumption as it is returned to the recipient water body (stream, lake, sea, etc.) with the same chemical characteristics and with a slight thermal alteration.The total water recirculated for this purpose amounts to 280,138 million m³ for the Enel Group.

For details about this indicator, the reader is referred to the GRI Content Index on page 10 of the 2009 Environmental Report.